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The Berber calendar is the agricultural calendar traditionally used in regions of North Africa. It is also known in North-African Arabic dialects as the ''fellaḥi'' "rustic" or ''ɛajami'' "foreign" calendar. It is employed to regulate the seasonal agricultural works, in place of the Islamic calendar, a lunar calendar considered ill-adapted for agriculture because it does not relate to seasonal cycles.〔On this argument, see e.g.: ''Encyclopédie Berbère'' 11, p. 1713, Servier (1985: 365 ss.), Genevois (1975: 3 ss.).〕 The Berber calendar, a legacy of Roman Mauretania, is a surviving form of the ancient Julian calendar, the calendar used in Europe before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar. with month names derived from Latin. There have been other indigenous calendars among the Berber peoples〔Mughal, Muhammad Aurang Zeb. 2012. Tunisia. Steven Danver (ed.), ''Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures, and Contemporary Issues'', Vol. 3. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 688-689.〕 in the past, for example that of the Guanches of the Canary Islands, but relatively little is known of these. ::: ::: ==Older calendars== Not much is known about the division of time among ancient Berbers. Some elements of a pre-Islamic, and almost certainly pre-Roman, calendar emerge from some medieval writings, analyzed by Nico van den Boogert. Some correspondences with the traditional Tuareg calendar suggest that in antiquity there existed, with some degree of diffusion, a "Berber" time computation, organized on native bases. There are not enough elements to reconstruct this calendar fully, but known characteristics include many month names' appearing in couples (in the Tuareg world, even in triplets), which suggests a time division different from the present one, made up of months of about 30 days. Some further information, although difficult to specify and correlate with the situation in the rest of North Africa, may be deduced from what is known about time computation among the Guanches of the Canary Islands. According to a 17th-century manuscript by Tomás Marín de Cubas, they The same manuscript states (although somewhat obscurely) that graphical-pictorical records of such calendarial events (''tara'') were made on different supports, and on this basis some modern scholars identified alleged descriptions of astronomical events connected to annual cycles in a series of geometric paintings in some caves of Gran Canaria island, but the results of these studies are for now highly speculative.〔(See J. Barrios García 1995 and 1997)〕 The name of only one month is known in the native language, handed down as ''Beñesmet''. It seems it was the second month of the year, corresponding to August.〔See, e.g. Barrios García (2007: 331 and ''passim'')〕 Such a name, in case it was made up by something like *''wen'' "that of" + ''(e)smet'' (or ''(e)zmet''?), may correspond, in the list of medieval Berber month names, with the ninth and tenth months, ''awzimet'' (properly ''aw'' "baby of" + ''zimet'' "gazelle"). But data are too scarce for this hypothesis to be deepened. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Berber calendar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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